<span>Indirect characterization is B. implied by the author. It cannot be inferred by the author, because that means understood - this type of characterization can be inferred by the reader, rather than the author. And if characterization is indirect, than it cannot be directly given. D makes no sense, so that would also be an incorrect answer. </span>
I am a native English speaker and some of these are difficult. Here are my answers for my first try. I will come back to try more and put it in my comments. If it’s blank, I do not know the answer.
2.
3. machine
4.
5. Board
6. Paper
7. Card
8. Glasses
9.
10.
11. Coat
12.
13. Line
14. Horse
15.
16. Party
17. Name
18. Table
19.
20.
The correct answer is: B. too many Irish living in poverty.
In his recognized essay, A Modest Proposal, Swift tackles the terrible social problem that Ireland was suffering: poverty and, with it, the heavy prejudice against poor people that social inequality had generated. Using a rather unusual approach to shock the audience (suggesting that poor parents should sell their kids in the meat market or even eat them), he engages the subject head-on.
