Ans: Cells are so small because it allows them to have a better surface area to volume ratio. This makes it much easier for the cell to bring in necessary nutreints and excrete wastes. Also the smaller the cell is, the less time it takes to replicate the small cell as opposed to a bigger cell.
Between a cation, which is usually a metal, and an anion, which is usually a nonmetal. A covalent bond involves a pair of electrons being shared between atoms.
Answer: the capsation (the chemical that causes the hot, burning taste/sensation) causes pain and discomfort in the animal attemptng to eat the plant therefor protecting it.
B. The layering of the rock.
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