Democracy is the type of government where the institutions of the state are governed as a single unit, with one constitutionally created legislature. It is a <span>government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.</span>
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James Henry Hammond was a senator and wealthy plantation owner from South Carolina. This excerpt is from a speech he made to the Senate on March 4, 1858, in which he lays out his famous "mudsill theory" and states, "In all societies that must be a class to do the menial duties, to perform the drudgery of life." This class, says Hammond, makes it possible for the higher class to move civilization forward.
In the antebellum period, pro-slavery forces moved from defending slavery as a necessary evil to expounding it as a positive good. Some insisted that African Americans were child-like people in need of protection, and that slavery provided a civilizing influence. Others argued that black people were biologically inferior to white people and were incapable of assimilating in free society. Still others claimed that slaves were necessary to maintain the progress of white society.
The debate during the Gilded Age was between "free-traders" and "protectionists". Generally, people in agriculture prefferred lower tariffs, because it enabled them to more easily export their agricultural products, which there was a surplus of in the US, and provided competition for industrial products, which would keep prices low.
For the opposite reason, people in more industrial areas of the country wanted higher tariffs, or a more protectionist policy, so that the manufacturing sector could continue to develop, and they wouldn't have to compete with foreign manufactured goods.
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2 - the American Revolution's emphasis on natural equality
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The declines of deference and the Federalist party can be partially attributed to the American Revolution's emphasis on natural equality.
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Hope this helps!
The answer for the first one is true and the second one is Socrates