Progressivism is movement that responded to he pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms.
Muckraker is writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business.
Social Gospel is reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles
Slaves were not heavily traded between Europe and West Africa prior of 1607. Even after 1607, the amount of slaves that went to Europe is small compared to those that went to the New World (Americas and Caribbean islands). Slave Trade will flourish along the Middle Passage. This was one section of the Triangular Trade routes that operated between the Americas, Europe, and Africa.
One of the main ways in which the holiday shopping season affected Thanksgiving traditions during Thanksgiving is that more and more people are leaving Thanksgiving early to get the best deals on Black Friday, although it is a "fiction" that people have given up on traditional Thanksgivings all together.
Over time, the crusades went from a religious matter to a matter or greater European politics. The purpose of the Crusades went from reclaiming it from the Muslims, to taking back as much land you can for your King, or yourself. The lasting cultural effects were that Europe had a large political influence and cultural influence in the Middle East among its citizens and rulers.