According to the ICSM (Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping), there are five different types of maps: General Reference, Topographical, Thematic, Navigation Charts and Cadastral Maps and Plans.
I believe it would be Istanbul in Turkey
Longitude is the measurement east or west of the prime meridian. (Imaginary lines that run around the Earth vertically. up/down.)
All 3 sciences, geology, criminology and psychology in human geography, oceanography (if thats a thing), vulcanology