The best reason as to why the caliphs demonstrated religious tolerance to Jews and Christians would be because "D. the caliphs knew freedom of worship led to an overall stronger empire," since allowing people to worship freely meant that they were less likely to rebel against the state.
Your answerr is c defenders of faith
The Magyars, the Vikings, and Muslims
First, take the year that is most recent which in our case is 1973 and then subtract from that 1961 to get 12 years old. Hope this helps!
If you mean World War II, the answer is Germany, it was divided by the Berlin Wall.