The climate is the primary factor that determines which plants grow where.
Explanation:
In order for a particular plant to grow somewhere, it needs certain conditions. The living conditions for the plants are primarily determined by the climate. Not just that the climate determines which plant grows where, but it is what makes the biggest evolutionary pressure for the plants to take a particular shape and develop certain traits.
One may argue that other factors also have big influence, such as the amount of water, winds, temperature, type of soil etc. The fact is that the climate is influencing and determining all of the other aforementioned factors. The climate determines the precipitation patterns, the development and quality of soil, what type of winds will dominate, the temperature patterns. All of that will contribute to the development of adaptive features at some plants, spreading of others, and pushing away of some.
Typical examples of plants by climate zones would be:
- palms (tropical wet climates)
- cactus (tropical dry climates)
- lichens (polar climates)
- coniferous trees (subpolar and continental climates)
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