Desert, tundra, grassland, and chaparral are examples of ECOSYSTEMS found in North America.
Ecosystems is your answer because an ecosystem is a community of physical interactions (animals, humans, etc). All of these places have either of these which makes the answer Ecosystem.
Answer:- Ecosystem.
Hope I helped ya!! xD
The correct answer is - C. hot spots in the mantle.
The Hawaiian Islands are a volcanic islands. They are lying above a hot spot. The hot spot volcanoes, unlike the other ones, are far away from the boundaries of the tectonic plates and they are emerging on places were there's hot spots. These hot spots manage to penetrate through the crust and get the magma from the mantle up to the surface and create volcanic islands in meantime.