The African National Congress (ANC) is the Republic of South Africa's governing political party. It has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa on the national level, beginning with the election of Nelson Mandela in the 1994 election. Today, the ANC remains the dominant political party in South Africa, winning every election since 1994. Cyril Ramaphosa, the incumbent President of South Africa, has served as leader of the ANC since 18 December 2017.[3]
Founded on 8 January 1912 by John Langalibalele Dube in Bloemfontein as the South African Native National Congress (SANNC), its primary mission was to give voting rights to black and mixed-race Africans and, from the 1940s, to end apartheid.[4] The ANC originally attempted to use nonviolent protests to end apartheid, however, the Sharpeville massacre resulted in the deaths of 69 black Africans and contributed to deteriorating relations with the South African government. On 8 April 1960, the administration of Charles Robberts Swart, banned the ANC and forced the party to leave South Africa.[5] After the ban, the ANC formed the Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation) to fight against apartheid utilizing guerrilla warfare and sabotage. On 3 February 1990, State President F. W. de Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC and released Nelson Mandela on 11 February 1990.[6] On 17 March 1992, the apartheid referendum was passed by the voters removing apartheid and allowing the ANC to run in the 1994 election. Since the 1994 election the ANC has performed better than 60% in all general elections, including the most recent 2014 election.
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The setting up of spiritual or Church courts, by Lanfranc with the approval of king William 1, that dealt with ecclesiastical cases such that the law is based "Gods will" as written in the holy scriptures, meant that the determination of the ethical, governance as well as decision making of the Church to which members of the Church are to abide to are to be made. The ecclesiastical court was also adept at interpreting canon law and the judges are appointed by bishops and were led by priests
As such the Church court possessed far reaching powers in several European areas in the middle ages before the nation states developed
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Germany objected to just about every aspect of the Treaty of Versailles; the territorial provisions, the disarmament clauses, war guilt, and reparations. Even though Germany had lost a significant amount of territory, including all her colonies, she was still left with considerable resources.
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chain reaction.
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thats what its called, or the domino effect
