1.A) Sweden, France, the Netherlands
John Calvin initially started his missionary efforts in France (since it's the country where he's born. After his books were published he managed to spread his influence in Netherlands, Germany , and Sweden. He later on failed to spread his influence to other Scandinavian country due to the popularity of the Lutheran church.
2.C. Henry VIII caused Phillip of Spain to send the Spanish armada
At that time, Phillip of Spain want to spread the influence of Protestantism to England, but his effort was prevented by Queen Elizabeth I. The reason why Phillip of Spain send large number of Spanish Armada is to overthrew queen Elizabeth I.
3.B. gold sent home from the colonies was given to the royal treasuries
Mercantilism refers to the ideology that belie in order to increase a country's strength, that country need to increase the exports and sell their products to other countries.
This become the reason why European empires at that time colonize other weaker countries. They take the resource in colonized nations for production and sell their products to the people in the colonized country. The gold that they obtain is given back to royal treasuries to increase its power.
4.D. england
By the time Henry VIII held the position as ruler of England, He requested the pope to grant him divorce from Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Bolyn. At that time, the pope rejected the request and this make Henry infuriated. AS a result, he announce the separation from Catholic church from England and established Protestantism as the national religion.
5.A. England's smaller and faster ships sank much of the Spanish fleet.
At that time, England manage to develop smaller , faster ships that can carry a lot of weight. This make their ships become harder to hit and able to carry larger number of Guns/Canons. The Spanish Fleet was left in disarray after receiving the attacks from the Royal Navy.
Even until today, The Royal Navy of England is still regarded as the best in the world due to their constant advancement in naval technology.
