Writing is a recursive process which includes four distinct step :
1. Prewriting,
2. Drafting,
3. Revising
4. Editing.
The writing process begins with prewriting which is the germinal stage that involves brainstorming ideas, outlining, narrowing the topic, and gathering information. This stage is followed by the drafting stage where the ideas are put on the paper and linked to each other. The third stage involves the revision of the draft to check its ability to persuade readers which assists in providing an accurate and concise version to the readers. The writing process is concluded with the editing phase that aids to present an error-free text to the readers as this stage cuts down the grammatical errors and makes it more effective. Thus, these four stages play a crucial role in effective writing.
Well this one is a little confusing, his essay did start off as an assignment from his teacher. then he just kept writing and writing and thought he could share his experience. i would go with d only because that was the purpose of the essay in the first place. hope it helped.