1. I would say the correct answer is D. arachnids. The root of this word is arachn, which means “spider” in Greek. It derives from the myth of Arachne, a woman who had such a knack for weaving that she became too proud and self-confident, forgetting her human weaknesses, and challenged Athena, who in turn punished her by turning her into a spider.
2. In this word, phob is A) root. It is the lexical core or nucleus – the part that makes the word recognizable and has its independent meaning that can be used to create other words. One example is the noun “phobia” itself; others would be “agoraphobia,” “homophobia,” etc. On the other hand, prefixes and suffixes (which are types of affixes) don’t have an independent, but only relative meaning.
3. 1. Therm – d. Heat. So, for example, thermometer means a device that is used for measuring temperature or heat. 2. Soph – c. wisdom. Sophia is basically a name which means – The Wise One. Another example would be: sophisticated, which means refined, complex. 3. Necro – e. Death. So, necrology would be a list of people who have recently died. 4. Claustr – a. Small space. Claustrophobia means fear of small spaces. On the other hand, there is an interesting English word derived from it – cloister, which means monastery or some other place for reclusion. 5. Arachn – b. Spider. See the explanation of the first question.
4. The correct answer would be C) Pyrophobia. The word pyro- is a prefix which means of fire or related to fire. Phob- is the root that means fear. So, pyrophobia would be fear of fire. We can also see this prefix in the example pyrotechnic, which means something that relates to fireworks. Also, pyromancy – this is a rare word that denotes foretelling something (e.g. the future) by observing fire and flames.
5. In my opinion, the correct option would be B. Dentophobia. This dento- prefix means tooth or teeth, and it is present in everyday English with the words dentist, dentistry, dentology, dental (caps, consonants etc.) Variations of this word are also present in many other European languages, because it derives from Latin.
6. In my opinion, the correct answer would be A) Necrophobia. First of all, because phobia means fear. On the other hand, necrotic would be an adjective (we see that by the ending –ic). Necroism would be a noun that denotes a certain kind of belief or attitude (pacifism, heroism, romanticism). Necrology would be an obituary or a list of dead people to whom we are paying respect.
7. You forgot to mention which element is underlined. So, if the underlined element is “fog flowing up the river” or “fog flowing down the river”, it would be an absolute phrase – meaning an independent phrase made from a noun (fog) and a participle (flowing), and optionally a modifier (up/down the river). If the underlined element is “among green banks and meadows” or “among the ships and buildings” or “of a great (and dirty) city”, those would be prepositional phrases that contain a preposition (among, of) and an object of preposition. There are no infinitive phrases in this excerpt. As for sentence fragments, “Fog everywhere” might seem to be one but it’s not because it is independent (it just lacks the verb), and a sentence fragment would have to be dependent.
8. I would say the correct answer is A) Infinitive phrases – because there are none. All the other elements do contribute to the dreary mood. Repetition contributes to it because it denotes that everything is monotonous and always the same; absolute phrases contribute because they also suggest passivity, being devoid of verbs. Punctuation contributes because it divides the text into more or less equal units, which again denote monotony.
9. In my opinion, the correct answer would be B) Slow. The excerpt contains long and inverted sentences, taking more time to read through them and reach the point. Punctuation (primarily the use of commas) breaks down the text into several units, giving an impression that it is written by a narrator who is pondering of what happened and trying to reconcile himself with it. This slow pace juxtaposes the foreshadowing: the fact that the narrative will be “most wild” and hardly believable awakens the reader’s curiosity; but the pace tells the reader that he/she will have to be patient.
10. Pace could be used to create a specific effect in a scene of escape from somewhere – possibly, from prison. It would have to be very fast, conveying the narrator’s excitement, the uncertainty of escape, all the dangers that he/she had to face, so the reader might feel the suspense. The sentences would be short, fragmented, with inconsistent use of tenses (e.g. simple perfect tense in one sentence, simple present in the following).
