Simoom is a strong, dry, dust-laden wind usually used to describe a local wind to blows in the Sahara, Palestine, Syria, Jordan and the Arabian Peninsula. It can exceed 54 degrees C and the humidity can drop bellow 10%. Shamal is a northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and Persian Golf states, very often strong during the day, but decreasing at night. This wind occurs anywhere from just once, to several times a year, and it creates large sandstorms. The similarities between these two winds is that they are strong, dry winds, that cause sandstorms.
The troposphere gets its heat from the ground, and so temperature decreases with altitude. Warm air rises and cool air sinks and so the troposphere is unstable. In the stratosphere, temperature increases with altitude.
In total approximately 70% of incoming radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface while around 30% is reflected back to space and does not heat the surface.
