<span>A mirror like copy of the gene is made of RNA</span>
Mammals is the type of organism that least naturally
reproduced by cloning. Mammals reproduced by Sexual reproduction typically
requires the sexual interaction of two specialized organisms, called gametes,
which contain half the number of chromosomes of normal cells and are made by
meiosis, which usually a male fertilizing a female.
Answer:
Fiscal policy refers to the use of the government budget to affect the economy. ... Generally, expansionary policy leads to higher budget deficits, and contractionary policy reduces deficits. An expansionary fiscal policy leads to higher budget deficits while a contractionary policy reduces deficits
Explanation:
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The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
The slab sinks faster and this pulls on the rest of the plate, continuing plate tectonics. Mantle convection creates the instability that allows plate tectonics to get going and helps a little, but it's not thought to be the main driving force
