Pressured out of their homes in the Asian steppes by the Mongols, the Turkish nomadic tribes<span> converted to </span>Islam<span> during the eighth and ninth centuries. By the tenth century, one of the </span>Turkish tribes<span>, the </span>Seljuk<span>, had become a significant power in the </span>Islamic<span> world and had adopted a settled life that included </span>Islamic<span> orthodoxy, a central administration, and </span>taxation<span>. However, many other </span>Turkish groups<span> remained </span>nomadic<span> and, pursuing the </span>gazi<span> tradition, sought to conquer land for </span>Islam<span> and to acquire war booty for themselves. This led them into conflict with the </span>Seljuk<span> Turks, and to pacify the </span>nomadic<span> tribes, the </span>Seljuks<span> directed them to the eastern domain of the </span>Byzantine Empire<span>, </span>Anatolia<span>. The </span>tribe<span> known as the Ottomans arose from one of the smaller </span>emirates<span> established in northwestern </span>Anatolia<span> after 1071. The </span>dynasty<span> was named for </span>Osman<span> (1259-1326), who began to expand his kingdom into the </span>Byzantine Empire<span> in </span>Asia Minor<span>, moving his capital to </span>Bursa<span> in 1326.</span>
Their work was inspired by deep spiritual beliefs and the art seemed to be a universal language. There is a deep connection to the land and this is reflected in the traditional Creation stories that inspire much of the art. It was visually stunning and emotionally engaging.
The National Labor Relations Act, passed under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935, allowed for the following:
1) "The right to bargain as a group"- This concept is known as collective bargaining, as it represents an entire group of individuals within the same company coming together to negotiate for certain conditions/benefits.
2) "The right to form unions"- Before this time, business owners could punish individuals for joining a labor union. However, the national government made this action illegal, giving individuals the freedom to join a union without worrying about repercussions.
3) "The right to go on strike"
The British were not targeted for racism.
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