Is it you who asks over and over again how to change an active sentence into the passive? I must have seen some 20 such questions.
If so, you really need to learn the difference between a subject and an object, so you stop asking basically the same question again and again.
An active sentence has a subject (person doing something), a verb (what the person does) and either a direct object (the thing that takes the action) or an indirect object (the person receiving the thing that takes the action.
Mary (subject) throws (verb) the ball (direct object) to me (indirect object).
Mary throws me the ball. (Same thing, but in a different word order).
The passive voice simply uses the object (ball) as the subject of the new sentence and the verb is then changed to a past participle* and attached to some firm of “to be”. The original subject can be removed, or added as an afterthought,
So, the ball IS THROWN. The ball IS BEING THROWN. or The ball WAS THROWN — are all passive sentences. You can add Mary at the end with “by Mary”.
Nothing changes if you make it a question.
Is Mary throwing the ball? Passive: Is the ball being thrown (by Mary)?
(Look up the meaning of past participle if you need to).
So now, figure out your own sentence and please stop using Quora over and over again for the same grammar question.
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Answer:
You have the wrong passage selected in the image so I can't read Passage 2 as you only have passage 1 on screen
A because after the authors name you need to know where you got the information from aka title of the article or title of the book
