The oldest mesoamerican civilization is the Olmec civilization
Tang Dynasty was able to strengthen China thru the efforts of its Tang Taizong and Empress Wu in which the former brought back China's government and the latter empowered women. The Song dynasty continued the good governance and elevated the military system thru systematized testing.
Adams and Jefferson represented two different visions of what the United States of America should look like. Whereas Adams and his fellow Federalists, including George Washington, envisioned a strong central government and a thriving manufacturing sector centered in the cities, Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans espoused an agrarian ideal, rooted in the republican virtues of the independent small farmer. The election of 1800 was fiercely contested and facilitated the rise of the two-party system and bitter partisanship.
Upon entering office, Jefferson focused on reducing the national debt he had inherited from his predecessors. His administration lowered excise taxes while slashing government spending. Additionally, the Jefferson administration reduced the size of the Navy, ultimately bringing the national debt down from $83 to $57 million. Foreign developments, however, including the intensification of piracy along the Barbary Coast, would necessitate the rebuilding of the Navy and its establishment as a permanent part of the US government.
Answer: Freedom: democracy, rights, liberty, opportunity and equality
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A The Constitution was amended in the form of the Bill of Rights.
