western schism was a splitt in the Catholic church between 1378 and 1417 while the victory of Charles Martel in the battle of tours was the victory of Christians over Spanish moors which stopped Muslim advances to Eastern Europe.
Explanation
Western schism occurred due to the conflicts in the Catholic church and two men simulatneously claimed to be the pope.The rivalry defamed the Catholic church and came to an end in 1418.
Battle of tours was much different from western schism because it was not a conflict within a religious authority but a conflict between two kingdoms.
The contract law of the United States of America covers the regulation of obligations agreed through contracts (written or unwritten) between private persons. The contractual law on the sale of goods has been standardized throughout the nation as a result of the adoption of the Uniform Commercial Code of the United States. However, there is still significant diversity in the interpretation of other types of contracts, depending on the degree of Common Law codification in each state and the adoption of the doctrine and jurisprudence on the matter.
The parties have the right to agree arbitrations for all disputes that may arise from their contractual relationship. Under the United States Federal Arbitration Act (which has been interpreted to cover all contracts born under federal or state law), arbitration clauses are exercisable unless the party opposing arbitration can prove unconstitutionality, fraud or any cause of nullity of the contract itself.
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is the generic term with which in the United States reference is made to the informal resolution of disputes between two parties in conflict through the intervention of a third party that helps them to resolve the dispute without resorting to the procedures provided by procedural way. ADRs received a significant boost from civil rights movements since the 1960s, which have led to the fact that in recent decades conciliation, mediation and arbitration have become very popular among Americans for resolution. the legal disputes, also helping to decongest the activity of the American courts of justice, and to which the American universities dedicate competitive specialized training programs.
Answer:
A.to define the state's boundaries
Explanation:
An important scientist at the time, besides, those who were mentioned was Copernicus - A.
Spartacus was just a slave general in the Roman republic.
Rousseau was a philosopher.
Plato was a philosopher as well.
The correct answer for that reason is Copernicus, he was an astronomer and a major figure at the time.
I think it is unlikely to occur and if it occurs only a small portion of Europe. The printing press becomes a significant factor of the spreading of Protestant Reformation due to the access of information is much easier and effective to transmit around rather than word of mouth. The prints also are easier and cheap to produce.
