The Arabs spoke and still do mainly speak Arabic, which is the one thing that unites such a wide variety of people. They mostly lived in the Arabian Peninsula.
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The Berlin Conference was supposed to reduce European nationalism and abolish the slave trade, but it ended up dividing Africa among European nations. The conference ushered in an era of increased European colonial involvement, which abolished or overrode most previous systems of African autonomy and self-governance.
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Answer:by allowing unconstitutional laws to be challenged and overturned
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Answer:
They reinforced egalitarian social structures
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Answer: Hamilton and the Federalists wanted a strong central government, run by well-educated property owners. Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans wanted most power to stay with the states and wanted the farmers and the 'common man' to run the nation.
The Federalists wanted a strong government and strong executive branch, while the anti-Federalists wanted a weaker central government. The Federalists did not want a bill of rights —they thought the new constitution was sufficient. The anti-federalists demanded a bill of rights.
John Adams's presidency was marked by conflicts between the two newly-formed political parties: the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans. The conflicts between the two political parties centered on foreign policy and the balance of power between the federal government and the states' governments.
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