Answer:
An ecological community is made up of all the populations of all the different species that live together in a particular area. The interactions between different species in a community are called interspecific interactions, inter- means "between".
Answer:
What is DNA polymerase.
Explanation:
DNA polymerase enzyme is the enzyme That reads the code and synthesizes the appropriate nucleotide base pairs according to the matching nucleotide after DNA splits during the replication process.
It helps in making the DNA error-free by proofreading. DNA polymerase III which has 2 molecules that work on both the strand leading and lagging strand.
Have a beautiful day! Miss Hawaii
Answer:
Transgenic
Explanation:
Recombinant DNA technology is used to make transgenic organisms. Genetic material from one specie is inserted into the genome of another thus modifying its characteristics. There are several ways of doing this including electroporation and transduction. This process is referred to as genetic engineering.
Answer:
According to Dr. Ray Schiling (member of the American Academy of Anti-aging medicine) about 1.5 million people suffer from peanut allergies. The seeds of peanut (<em>Arachis hypogea</em>) contain an array of allergens that can induce the production of IgE specific antibodies predisposed individuals. Ara1 and Ara2 are most common seed storage protein that cause allergy. Other allergen proteins such as Ara3 to Ara 17 have also been identified that cause allergy.
Entry of peanut allergen into body
When peanut allergens enter the body of an individuals it leads to development of different symptoms like itchy skin, tingling sensation, nausea, runny nose and anaphylaxis.
Allergic response
There are two subsets of T-cells Th1 and Th2. Both invoke different response to allergens. Th1 direct a non-allergic response while Th2 direct allergic response ranging from releasing of histamine to anaphylactic response. The presence of IL-12 cytokines direct a Th1 based, nonspecific response.
Mechanism of allergic response (interaction between helper T cell and B cell)
Step 1.
When allergen enter to body they are encountered by B cells. Immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of B cells recognize antigen (Peanut allergens) and get attached, which are then internalized and processed. Within B cells the fragments of antigens combine with HLA class 2 proteins.
Step 2
HLA class 2 with antigen fragments (peanut allergens) then display on the surface of B cells.
Step 3
Receptors on the surface of helper T cells recognizes the complex of HLA class 2 and antigen fragments (peanut allergen) and is activated to produce cytokines, which activate the B cells.
Step 4
B cell is activated by cytokines and begins clonal expansion. Some of the progeny become anti-body producing plasma cells while other become memory B cells.
That's how the food chain works. There isn't much to it.
