The success of Portugal's exploration of Africa affected Spain in that it put Portugal in a position of economic dominance, which forced Spain to up its efforts to obtain new resources from the Americas.
Trench Warfare. Which often consisted of long dug out trenches, and opposing sides "going over the top" in an attempt to overwhelm the other forces. This led to the phrase "No mans land", the space in between trenches where men would be killed almost immediately if they were made to go. Other characteristics of WW1 combat would be the massive technological advancements that came with the industrial revolution, and weaponized chemicals making a debut to the world through WW1.
Barons, were taxed heavily by king john to fund his war with France.
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Answer:
Imperial monopolies provided peace and stability
Explanation:
The disintegration of the Roman empire freed Europe from rule by a single power. Imperial monopolies provided peace and stability, but by seeking to preserve the status quo also tended to stifle experimentation and dissent.