Location is an important key that takes a part in increasing populations. For example, in ancient Mesopatamia, farmers planted crops in the fertile soil (which s in the location) and soon farmers did not have enough land to grow food for e increasing amount of populations. Climate might affect populations in a region because if the land is well and fertile (the weather and climate is mild) people can thrive. I hope this helps!
There are a couple of answers to this:
A: A lot of people back then were heavily Catholic, the Catholic church claimed that the Earth was flat, while others believed the Earth was round.
B: Back then, obviously they didn't have airplanes or satellites, thus people believed the Earth was flat. The reasoning of this is because, if you were to look outside right now, the Earth does look like it could be flat. (that is because you have to be at a certain level of elevation to see the curvature of the Earth). Eventually though, people started reasoning and came to the conclusion the Earth was round. (They were proven right when aerospace technology came around.)
I don't think theres an answer to that....<span />
The government is headed by the King, who is also the commander in chief of the military.