The Great War, generally known as World War I, erupted in 1914 with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. His assassination triggered a European war that lasted until 1918. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) battled against the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan, and the United States during the war (the Allied Powers). World War I saw unparalleled rates of death and death due to new weapons technology and the horrors of trench warfare. By the time the war ended and the Allies declared victory, more than 16 million people had died, both soldiers and civilians.

The war began primarily as a result of four factors: militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. Because large militaries have become potential threats to other countries, some governments have begun to compel alliances in order to acquire land.

After 128 Americans were killed by a German submarine, the United States entered World War I. A German submarine sank the British passenger liner Lusitania in 1915. In total, 1,195 people, including 128 Americans, were killed. Americans were horrified and pressed the US government to join the war. President Woodrow Wilson desired a peaceful conclusion to the war, but when the Germans warned that their submarines would sink any ship approaching Britain, Wilson declared that America would enter the war and bring peace to Europe. On April 6, 1917, the United States entered the war.

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