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In general the sociocultural process in which the sense and consciousness of association with one national and cultural group changes to identification with another such group, so that the merged individual or group may partially or totally lose its original national identity. Assimilation can occur and not only on the unconscious level in primitive societies. It has been shown that even these societies have sometimes developed specific mechanisms to facilitate assimilation, e.g., adoption; mobilization, and absorption into the tribal fighting force; exogamic marriage; the client relationship between the tribal protector and members of another tribe. In more developed societies, where a stronger sense of cultural and historical identification has evolved, the mechanisms, as well as the automatic media of assimilation, become more complicated. The reaction of the assimilator group to the penetration of the assimilated increasingly enters the picture.
Various factors may combine to advance or hinder the assimilation process. Those actively contributing include the position of economic strength held by a group; the political advantages to be gained from adhesion or separation; acknowledged cultural superiority; changes in religious outlook and customs; the disintegration of one group living within another more cohesive group; the development of an "open society" by either group. Added to these are external factors, such as changes in the demographic pattern (mainly migration) or those wrought by revolution and revolutionary attitudes. Sociologists have described the man in process of assimilation as "the marginal man," both attracted and repelled by the social and cultural spheres in which he lives in a state of transition.
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A and C.
like 90% confident on this one.
An example of a time when citizen's right to free speech can be restricted is when their speech impedes national security. For example, Freedom of Speech was greatly restricted during wars (such as WWII), when national security depended on people keeping quiet to not leak information to foreign spies. This was expanded on by the usage of propoganda, and was usually enforced by Civil Officers. Freedom of Speech however generally is not restricted, even when it hurts another group, as seen in <em>National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie</em>, which, while the Justice sympathized with the people of Skokie, it ruled that freedom of speech cannot be denied to even hate groups.
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The rule of law, defended by an independent judiciary, plays a crucial function by ensuring that civil and political rights and civil liberties are safe and that the equality and dignity of all citizens are not at risk.
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