Answer:
1. balkanization - dividing an area into smaller areas, which are usually hostile to each another.
2. colonization - control of an area by foreign governments for political and/or economic purposes.
3. ethic cleansing - a group of individuals of common ancestry is removed from an area through death or expulsion.
4. apartheid - policy of segregating people by race.
Explanation:
Throughout the human history and in the present there have been numerous types of policies that have been damaging for the human societies. Some have been damaging for all sides involved, while some have been damaging for one side, while the other side has benefited from it in one way or another.
Some of these policies or processes are the balkanization, colonization, ethic cleansing, and apartheid.
The balkanization is a process where a larger area is getting divided into multiple smaller areas. The background for this is usually hostility between several different groups, and the term has its roots in the Balkans, as it is a place where something like this is constantly happening.
The colonization is a process where one country is invading another country. The motive behind this is either economic or territorial. The colonizing country is benefiting, while the colonized country is suffering.
Ethic cleansing is one of the worst things that have been happening. It is practically persecution or killing of people only based on their ethnicity. This has led to genocides and annihilation of lot of groups of people around the world.
The apartheid is also a very bad policy where a group of people is segregated, punished, stripped of its rights, and stripped of opportunities in life. The reason for this is the skin of the color.
