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The answer is B) A series of actions by the Catholic Church intended to spread and defend the Catholic faith.
The counter-reformation was in response to the Protestant reformation, so the first answer is out of the question.
Martin Luthers own actions sparked the Protestant reformation, and as mentioned prior - it was a response to the Protestant reformation (however, during this time they did solidify the power of the pope).
Answer:
The "Petit Blancs" was a French name given to the poor white citizens of Haiti that didn't own much or any land. These poor white folk were looked down on by the rich white plantation owners while also disliked by the black slaves. La Petit Blancs can be pretty compared to the peasants in France before the revolution although the black slaves did most of the manual labor in Haiti compared to the poor whites. When the slave rebellion lead by Louverture, Toussaint occurred, most of the petit blancs did not have the money to flee Haiti like the rich and were forced to live in a tense situation with the now self governing freed slaves. Pockets of petit blanc territory remained throughout the island though violence broke out between them and the Gens de couleur libres at times. This revolution is yet another example of the lesser class majority winning over the rich as well as one of the first examples of black independence and freedom.
