Integrated business planning (IBP), which consists of synchronizing commercial, financial and supply chain plans in a single holistic administrative process, is vital to meet the evolving requirements of modern supply chains. An advanced form of sales and operations planning (S&OP) is the IBP that is increasingly being adopted in the manufacturing, distribution and service sectors. Companies that implement IBP programs in a strategic way generally exceed 20% of gross margin on average to companies that apply S&OP in a more tactical and less integrated way.
Answer:For example, the Ricardian model of trade, which incorporates differences in technologies between countries, concludes that everyone benefits from trade, whereas the Heckscher-Ohlin model, which incorporates endowment differences, concludes that there will be winners and losers from trade.
