It had no executive branch to enforce the laws of the land, congress has no power to tax individual states, and each state printed its own currency.
That is describing what the character does so it is C. It couldn't be A because it isn't a part of the story. It couldn't be B because it isn't a problem. It lastly couldn't be D because it's not a message the author is trying to convey to the reader.
A. Enlightenment
The caste system is exclusive to Hinduism in this case, Hinduism did not have one founder, and neither Buddhism or Hinduism sought to actively convert people into their religions. Both Hinduism and Buddhism, however, believed in rebirth and eventual enlightenment.
Teddy Roosevelt and William Taft both busted trusts and big business. This was a big turn around from the laissez faire styled economy before it in the gilded age