The Industrial Revolution promoted new technologies in production that replaced human labor. Together with this, the industrial mode of production is developing, more and more factories with large plants are growing. The need for workers is high, so migration of population from village to city is recorded, more and more labor is in search of a job that can bring a stable income. This creates a large number of workforce, even more than needed, so workers are willing to do anything, even for a lower hourly rate. Employers have the opportunity to reduce the hourly rate due to over-labor supply, and so they can pay less for women and children under unequal treatment between men and women, especially children. People are fundamentally blackmailed to work for a low hourly rate because there was always workforce available. The conclusion is that, in the conditions of industrial production, only employers could earn more on the basis of the use of excess worker value, while workers earned less on behalf of employers' profits.
B. Walter Rauschenbusch
Rauschenbusch was a theologian who wrote Christianity and the Social Crisis in 1907, so that is the correct. Upton Sinclair was a muckraker, who wrote "the Jungle". Jane Addams was a suffragette and Ida Tarbell was another muckraker. So, A, C and D are not correct.
He made cabinets. He was fair, and had justice,since he was the first president every president follows his behavior.
