Constructed from the ruins of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War, the map of contemporary Arab states in the Middle East resulted from the Great Game played out by the European powers during the 19th century. Victim of international ambitions, but unable to define objectives for its future, the Middle East became vulnerable to conflicts due to its internal difficulties.
A bystander but he also stood up for him so he is also considered someone who stood up for the victim
(I'm assuming these sentences are all in past context)
1. He failed because he did not listen to the advice of his teacher.
(Adding did will maintain the past tense of the sentence)
2. He learnt that he was ill but could not go to see him.
(Changing be to was maintains the past tense. Could is past tense as can is present tense)
3. He said that he came to our house to discuss the matter.
(Came is past tense as come is present tense)
6, 8, and 9 are all dependent clauses because you would not be able to say them on their own and make sense. They begin with words that make the listener expect more information in that sentence. For example if I just said "If I was taller" and said nothing else, the sentence wouldn't make much sense, so that makes it dependent.
7 and 10 are independent because you can say them on their own and it would make sense. I could say "I am taller" or "I wish I were taller', and the sentence would be complete
