I believe the answer is inflation.
Inflation- rising prices due to an increase in the supply of money
The correct answer is option d) It gave land to the states to build colleges.
Officially kown as Land-Grant College Act of 1862 or the Morrill Act was a Congress Act passed in 1862 which gave public land grants to States in order to build new colleges and Universities.
At the time, the United States had a handful of schools of higher education and this was seen as a way to simultaneously build universites all over the country and improve the overall skill level in the country.
The Mali Empire collapsed in the 1460s CE following civil wars, the opening up of trade routes elsewhere, and the rise of the neighbouring Songhai Empire, but it did continue to control a small part of the western empire into the 17th century
(Hope this helps)
Kennedy sent the first large force of U.S. military personnel to Vietnam to bolster the ineffectual autocratic regime of South Vietnam against the communist North