Well the first English settlement was really Roanoke, however it was not successful. The first successful one would be the new Virginia colony, later known as Jamestown;)
Answer: your answer is c
Explanation:
During the 1800s political machines were considered Obsolete
A supreme leader typically refers to the person among a number of leaders of a state, organization or other such group who has been given or ... In politics, a supreme leader usually has a cult of personality associated with them, such as below: ... Benito Mussolini, dictator of Fascist Italy
so the answer is A) fascism
Annihilation in death camps (concentration camps)