Probably tribal societies but were also big empire like Qing empire
There was also pastoral societies meaning that they changed the conditions and adaptations that led to some relying on domesticated animals where circumstances let them
Another way your question could be framed is “why do nations use imperialism on weaker countries?” and the simple answer is there are several motives such as ethnocentric purposes, religion, access to natural resources, expanding power, etc. Specifically people resort to imperialism on weaker countries because they are vulnerable to accept whatever helps the people survive in times of unrest.
C. Technology. is the correct answer.
