He used riddling to talk to Smaug I think because he wanted to stall and waste time as he figured out a plan. He also used riddles to talk to Golem who he clearly was trying to stall to save himself as Golem wanted to kill and eat Bilbo. So it is a reoccurring theme of Bilbo and it makes sense.
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Formulate and devise. They both mean to create a plan of some sort, while all the other words have to relation to each other. Another trick is to put the words into sentences and see if they deliver the same message.
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