25) Mr. Patti, a math teacher at my school, plans to retire next year
This is an appositive phrase. An appositive is anoun or noun phrase that renames a noun right beside it. In this case, the NP offset with the commas renames the NP subject Mr. Patti.
26) Kris was anxious about her new job
This is an adverb phrase. Adverbial phrases are two or more words that play the role of an adverb.
27) *Running a four minute mile
This is a dangling modifier. Dangling modifiers occur when the subject being modified, or described by the modifier, does not appear in the sentence.
