Question 1: How do offspring resulting from sexual reproduction differ from offspring resulting from asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction involves a single parent. It results in offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent. All prokaryotes and some eukaryotes reproduce this way. There are several different methods of asexual reproduction. They include binary fission, fragmentation, and budding. <u>AND</u> in in sexual reproduction, parents produce reproductive cells—called gametes—that unite to form an offspring. Gametes are haploid cells. This means they contain only half the number of chromosomes found in other cells of the organism. Gametes are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis, which is described in detail in a subsequent concept.
Question 2: How do DNA, chromosomes, and genes work as the instructions for heredity?
Each gene occupies a specific position on a chromosome. Because genes provide instructions for making proteins, and proteins determine the structure and function of each cell in the body, it follows that genes are responsible for all the characteristics you inherit.
Question 3: How do environmental factors and heredity affect personal health?
Heredity and environment interact to produce their effects. This means that the way genes act depends on the environment in which they act. In the same way, the effects of environment depend on the genes with which they work.
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Answer:
by performing a bioinformatic analysis in order to discover Y chromosome-linked mutations associated with defective phenotypes. In this case, it is expected to discover two or more loss of function mutations located in the coding region of the target gene on the Y chromosome in different males, and then associate such mutations with altered phenotypes caused by the inactivation (loss of function) of this gene
Explanation:
The genes located on the Y chromosome exhibit a uniparental mode of inheritance (i.e., these genes are only transmitted from father to their sons). This situation makes difficult to map the target gene since recombination does not occur for genes that are only located on the Y chromosome, hampering the development of a linkage map containing this gene. In this case, it is possible to directly associate genetic mutations located at the same genomic region (<em>locus</em>) on the Y chromosome with a particular altered phenotype in males carrying these mutations, which can be in principle associated with the inactivation of the target gene (loss of function mutations) in these individuals.
Answer and Explanation:
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for vigorous physical activity and is often referred to as the fight-or-flight. The parasympathetic nervous system relaxes the body and inhibits many high energy functions and is often referred to as rest and digest. Parasympathetic system is one of several excitatory pathways during arousal. The excitatory signals can originate in the brain, either by the sight or thought of an appealing sexual partner. Arousal is an example of parasympathetic system.
During flight and fight, the liver can be stimulated to release glucose into the bloodstream providing more energy that will be ready to power the muscles.