Some would argue the Soviet Union, while others say the US. It depends how you look at the question. There are certain things that prove it was the fault of one while some prove it was the fault of another.
The term they used was "Okie," due to the fact that they were migrating from Oklahoma.
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The plantation system was developed in the Southern colonies of the US. A plantation system/economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few staple products grown on large farms called plantations. The Southern Colonies was where the plantation system and lifestyle really flourished because of the better climate and (in most cases) soils and because the necessary labor (slaves) were more accepted as part of life than in the New England, Western, and Middle colonies.