Answer:
(b) inhibition of ATP synthesis
Explanation:
The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons. Electron transfer from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen via electron transport chain generates electrochemical gradient by pumping the protons from matrix to intermembrane space. This electrochemical gradient drives ATP synthesis by down the concentration gradient transport of protons back to the matrix via proton channels.
A compound able to carry protons back to the mitochondrial matrix would dissipate the electrochemical gradient. In the absence of proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, ATP synthesis would stop.
Answer:
The correct option is E.
Explanation:
Lymphocytes are known as white blood cells, and also main type of immune cells. They are synthesized in the bone marrow, and present in the blood, and lymph tissues.
1) The immune cells work together to protect the body against foreign molecules such as virus, and bacteria.
2) They contain MHC antigens for recognizing self.
3) They contain membrane receptors that recognize foreign antigens.
4) They are helping to develop into clones of B and T cells with extreme variations of specificity.
Answer:
a. Mammalia
Explanation:
Mammalia are the class species that have distinct systems and separate ducts for different activities like reproduction, excretory, and defecatory and moreover they have nipples to feed their young ones.
So, the above species which has a single duct for reproductive, excretory, and defecatory material as well as a lack of true nipples does not belong to Mammalia
Answer:
Naturally selected organisms will survive and reproduce better adapted to the environment. This indicates that this model organism's beneficial allles are passed to offspring. The selection cycle contributes to adaptation for several years.
Explanation:
Hope this helps.
