Pathos is a rhetorical device that aims to convince someone on something or help them connect with an idea by appealing to their emotions, usually by evoking emotions of hope, pity, fear, sympathy, or sorrow. This element is characterized by not expressing statistic elements or facts that support the speaker's claim, but for being highly subjective and to evoke strong emotions.
In the passage given, Lincoln uses pathos to help the audience feel emotionally connected to the events that happened four years ago and evoke anger toward the insurgent agents who wanted to dissolve the Union and divide effects by negotiation.
