Answer:
The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified and granted citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States,” which included former slaves recently freed
Nomads wanted to be members of tribes so that there was a support system around them. You cannot survive by yourself for very long in the wilderness.
The British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard L. Montgomery begins the Allied invasion of the Italian peninsula, crossing the Strait of Messina from Sicily and landing at Calabria–the “toe” of Italy. On the day of the landing, the Italian government secretly agreed to the Allies’ terms for surrender, but no public announcement was made until September 8.