Question

The industrial revolution, which began in the eighteenth century, released undreamed-of human productive powers for the second time. what was the first time?

Answer 1

The first major movement to bring about a great amount of productivity was the start of the Cottage and Guild Industries. These needed human labor and by placing people doing similar tasks and the next task in another group's hands not far away helped to speed things up. One person wasn't doing everything. 

Answer 2

Cottage industries and urban guilds.

Prior to the industrialization of labor, the first unleashing of human productive powers occurred when production was organized in these ways.  Cottage industries happened in rural areas, especially in regard to textiles.  Work would be put out to many persons to do in their homes (or "cottages" -- thus called "cottage industry").   In the cities, organized guilds of skilled craftsmen produced various goods and trained artisans in their craft.  Often these guilds would have special endorsement from a ruler to be the producers of those products.