Admiral chester nimitz learn of the japanese plans at the battle of midway from the intercepted messages. also, is is because the united states, they had broken the japanese naval code and they were able to read a significant part of the messages to give him a good idea of japanese intentions.
The enlightenment of the 18th century brought about new ways of thinking regarding religion and politics enlightenment ideas about religion and society shaped the policies of the french revolution
The answer to this question can be quite subjective. Some people will say that the telephone is the most important invention, or the automobile, or the plane, but for me personally, I'd choose antibiotics.
It is a modern-day invention (as opposed to the Middle Ages, for example) which changed our lives for the better. Before penicillin was discovered in the 1920s by Alexander Fleming, people were constantly dying because of most harmless diseases. But after antibiotics were invented, people were given a chance to recover from their illnesses much more easily.
