The correct answer to this open question is the following.
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The individual who popularized the idea that people accused of crimes should be considered innocent unless proven guilty was William Blackstone.
William Blackstone(1723-1780) was an English jurist. He wrote the Commentaries on the Laws of England. The work is considered the best description of the doctrines of English law, and from then, it was the foundation of legal education in England and U.S. colleges. And yes, he was the individual who popularized the idea that people accused of crimes should be considered innocent unless proven guilty.
<span>The cause of the Dawes Act was the complete takeover of most of the land of the Native American Indians. Because of this, land belonged to entire tribes, but not individuals. The Dawes Act was created in 1887 to allow surveys of tribal lands and then division of it so that allotments could be given to individual Native American Indians. The Dawes Act was amended twice, both in 1891 and again in 1906. The effect of the Dawes Act was a complete breakdown of the Native American tribes and their traditional way of life. Only the richer clans or families were given land allotments of crop lands. This led to homelessness of many Native American Indians.</span>
<span>The correct answer is B. War of Austrian Succession. This war happened around a hundred years after the Thirty Years' World War and revolved around crowning the next king/queen of the Habsburg Monarchy. It did however include most of the big forces in Europe, just like the Thirty Year's War. It ended with Maria Theresa being the Queen and her husband the Holy Roman Emperor.</span>
Thomas Hobbes was an early modern philosopher who put forth the idea of a "social contract" -- that governments are formed by the will of the people. This was different than previous views which held that governments (kings) got their authority directly from God.
Hobbes published a famous work called<em> Leviathan</em> in 1651. The title "Leviathan" comes from a biblical word for a great and mighty beast. Hobbes believed government is formed by people for the sake of their personal security and stability in society. In Hobbes' view, once the people put a king (or other leader in power), then that leader needs to have supreme power (like a great and mighty beast). Hobbes' view of the natural state of human beings without a government held that people are too divided and too volatile as individuals -- everyone looking out for his own interests. So for security and stability, authority and the power of the law needs to be in the hands of a powerful ruler like a king or queen. And so people willingly enter a social contract in which they live under a government that provides stability and security for society.
Probably the most famous set of lines from Hobbes' Leviathan book describes what he saw as the natural state of human affairs without government -- one in which every individual had freedom, but that meant it was a situation of "war of all against all," or we might say, every man for himself. Hobbes wrote:
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<em>In such condition, there is no place for industry; because the fruit thereof is uncertain: and consequently no culture of the earth; no navigation, nor use of the commodities that may be imported by sea; no commodious building; no instruments of moving, and removing, such things as require much force; no knowledge of the face of the earth; no account of time; no arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.
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Answer:
C. Department of Public Safety and Corrections