The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 came after a protracted public battle between all the parties involved in the process of collective bargaining. The political process that led to the Act happened at a time when the Presidency was Democratic and both houses of Congress were Republican. As such, both institutions disagreed on the nature of labor and collective bargaining between different parties. This led President Truman to veto the bill after it had passed both houses of Congress. However, both houses quickly overrode the presidential veto and passed the Act.
According to this document, Nazi Germany was treated very favorably, since the state of Czechoslovakia was forced to surrender the Sudeten region or Sudetenland to Nazi Germany in a matter of days. This region had been incorporated into Czechoslovakia at the end of World War I, but it had previously been taken away from Germany, so it was primarily inhabited by Germans. Hitler promised not to invade other parts of Czechoslovakia, but he did not keep his promise.
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On this day in 1795, President George Washington signs the Jay (or “Jay’s”) Treaty with Great Britain.
This treaty, known officially as the “Treaty of Amity Commerce and Navigation, between His Britannic Majesty; and The United States of America” attempted to diffuse the tensions between England and the United States that had risen to renewed heights since the end of the Revolutionary War. The U.S. government objected to English military posts along America’s northern and western borders and Britain’s violation of American neutrality in 1794 when the Royal Navy seized American ships in the West Indies during England’s war with France. The treaty, written and negotiated by Supreme Court Chief Justice (and Washington appointee) John Jay, was signed by Britain’s King George III on November 19, 1794 in London. However, after Jay returned home with news of the treaty’s signing, Washington, now in his second term, encountered fierce Congressional opposition to the treaty; by 1795, its ratification was uncertain.
Leading the opposition to the treaty were two future presidents: Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. At the time, Jefferson was in between political positions: he had just completed a term as Washington’s secretary of state from 1789 to 1793 and had not yet become John Adams’ vice president. Fellow Virginian James Madison was a member of the House of Representatives. Jefferson, Madison and other opponents feared the treaty gave too many concessions to the British. They argued that Jay’s negotiations actually weakened American trade rights and complained that it committed the U.S. to paying pre-revolutionary debts to English merchants. Washington himself was not completely satisfied with the treaty, but considered preventing another war with America’s former colonial master a priority.
Ultimately, the treaty was approved by Congress on August 14, 1795, with exactly the two-thirds majority it needed to pass; Washington signed the treaty four days later. Washington and Jay may have won the legislative battle and averted war temporarily, but the conflict at home highlighted a deepening division between those of different political ideologies in Washington, D.C. Jefferson and Madison mistrusted Washington’s attachment to maintaining friendly relations with England over revolutionary France, who would have welcomed the U.S. as a partner in an expanded war against England.
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Answer all parts of the question that follows.
a) Identify ONE way in which the development of new technologies in the twentieth century changed the global economy.
b) Explain ONE similarity in how the development of new medical innovations and agricultural technologies in the twentieth century affected the environment.
c) Explain ONE major change in global culture in the late twentieth century.
