Find the inverse of the function and then determine whether the inverse is a function.

Mathematics

2 answers:

klemol [59]3 years ago

7 0

as you already know, we start off by doing a quick switcheroo on the variables, and then we solve for y to get the inverse,

$\bf y=x^2+4\implies \stackrel{switcheroo}{x = y^2+4}\implies x-4=y^2\implies \pm\sqrt{x-4}=\stackrel{f^{-1}(x)}{y}$

and if you run a vertical line test on that expression, you'll find that it doesn't pass it, meaning is not a function.

wlad13 [49]3 years ago

6 0

X^2=y-4
x= +-√y-4 so f(x)=+-√x-4 it s not a function because squaring is not invertible you just showed what inverse should of the function x^2+4 "should " look like

√ x-4 >=0 and
-√x-4 is not >=0 and y= √x-4 and -√x-4 is not equal to √x-4 these are just possible values but only the first one could be a function

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Let X ~ N(0, 1) and Y = eX. Y is called a log-normal random variable.

Cloud [144]

If $F_Y(y)$ is the cumulative distribution function for $Y$ , then

$F_Y(y)=P(Y\le y)=P(e^X\le y)=P(X\le\ln y)=F_X(\ln y)$

Then the probability density function for $Y$ is $f_Y(y)={F_Y}'(y)$ :

$f_Y(y)=\dfrac{\mathrm d}{\mathrm dy}F_X(\ln y)=\dfrac1yf_X(\ln y)=\begin{cases}\frac1{y\sqrt{2\pi}}e^{-\frac12(\ln y)^2}&\text{for }y>0\\0&\text{otherwise}\end{cases}$

The $n$ th moment of $Y$ is

$E[Y^n]=\displaystyle\int_{-\infty}^\infty y^nf_Y(y)\,\mathrm dy=\frac1{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_0^\infty y^{n-1}e^{-\frac12(\ln y)^2}\,\mathrm dy$

Let $u=\ln y$ , so that $\mathrm du=\frac{\mathrm dy}y$ and $y^n=e^{nu}$ :

$E[Y^n]=\displaystyle\frac1{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{nu}e^{-\frac12u^2}\,\mathrm du=\frac1{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{nu-\frac12u^2}\,\mathrm du$

Complete the square in the exponent:

$nu-\dfrac12u^2=-\dfrac12(u^2-2nu+n^2-n^2)=\dfrac12n^2-\dfrac12(u-n)^2$

$E[Y^n]=\displaystyle\frac1{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{\frac12(n^2-(u-n)^2)}\,\mathrm du=\frac{e^{\frac12n^2}}{\sqrt{2\pi}}\int_{-\infty}^\infty e^{-\frac12(u-n)^2}\,\mathrm du$

But $\frac1{\sqrt{2\pi}}e^{-\frac12(u-n)^2}$ is exactly the PDF of a normal distribution with mean $n$ and variance 1; in other words, the 0th moment of a random variable $U\sim N(n,1)$ :