Answer: Classical Era (latter half of 1700s)
A scene can mean two things. A scene can be the setting of a story, or (what I think you are referring to) it can be a segment of an Act of a play. A scene separation within a play is usually included in order to allow time for a change in setting during the performance. A chapter is a segment of a book. So, to summarize, a scene is a segment of a play and a chapter is a segment of a book.
Answer: an inside/out editing pattern
Explanation: When an editor with a close-up detail shot such that viewers do not know or understand the setting or environment, then after a series of related shots backs off the data I'll and thus the relationship becomes visible. The inside/out editing pattern is dynamic and different from the traditional outside/in editing where the editor start by establishing shots about the setting before gradually going further.
In inside/out, the editor suddenly takes viewers from a line they understand to another new setting which requires a few related shots before being understood.
