I can help you with World History
1. Frederick The Great is an enlightened despot of Austria but did not want to surrender his ruling power.
2. I think the countries are France and Prussia. I believe these countries have enlightened ideas promoting reforms in their countries.
I hoped this helped.
The Mandate of Heaven is a Chinese political and religious doctrine to justify the rule of the King or Emperor of China. According to this belief, <em>Heaven</em> bestows a mandate on the ruler of China. However, if he was overthrown, or if natural disasters occurred, this was considered an indication that the ruler had lost the mandate. Therefore, civilian rebellions were accepted as part of the cycle. The cycle had the following pattern:
- A New Dynasty Rises
- A New Dynasty Rules
- Mandate of Heaven Lost by the Dynasty
- The Dynasty Grows Weak
- Period of Violence Follows
According to Chinese citizens, a new dynasty would rise and become powerful. This would lead them to rule as long as they received the mandate of heaven. However, if heaven was displeased with the ruler, the dynasty would lose its mandate. As a consequence, China would experience natural disasters, rebellions and the weakening of the dynasty. A period of violence and rebellion on the part of the citizens would follow, until a different dynasty arose from the chaos and became the ruling dynasty and the cycle continued.
Pennsylvania
1681 William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a safe haven for Quakers.
Abduwali Muse was sentence for 33 years and 9 months behind bars after he was found guilty for hijacking the MV Maersk Alabama and held Captain Richard Phillips hostage. He was also connected to hijacking a fishing vessel called Win Far 161. Muse will be released on October 2038.
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