The writings of Jean Bodin provides us with an early theorisation of the idea of sovereignty even though the examples he uses are quite extensive. Essential to Bodin's notion of sovereignty is that the power the sovereign holds must be absolute and permanent. If a ruler holds absolute power for the duration of his life he can be said to be sovereign. In contrast, an elected official or some other person that holds limited powers can not be described to be sovereign. Although at times Bodin suggests that the people are sovereign, his definition of sovereignty as absolute, unlimited and enduring power points purposively towards a positive association of sovereignty and a singular monarchical, or even tyrannical, power.
Another qualification that Bodin introduces into the definition of sovereignty as absolute and perpetual is one that will become increasingly important in subsequent theorisations, culminating in the work of Carl Schmitt. For Bodin, a sovereign prince is one who is exempt from obedience to the laws of his predecessors and more importantly, those issued by himself. Sovereignty rests in being above, beyond or excepted from the law. Although it occupies a subordinate place in Bodin's theorisation, it could be said that this exception from being subject to the law is the quintessential condition of sovereignty in so far as it is understood politically.
Although for Bodin sovereignty is characterised by absolute and perpetual power he goes on to make a series of important qualifications to this concept. These come from two principle concerns. The first is real politics - Bodin seems to be aware that absolute power could licence behaviour injurious to sovereign authority. Hence for example a sovereign cannot and should not confiscate property nor break contractual agreements made with other sovereigns, estates nor private persons. The second reason is Bodin's underlying theological notion of divine authority and natural law. A sovereign may put aside civil law, but he must not question natural law (in which it appears right of property is sanctioned). Saying this, it is ultimately from this divine authority that the earthly right of sovereign power is legitimated. The prince literary does god's bidding, and yet by virtue of this can do wrong. Hopefully this helps out some :)
Answer:
C. giving private property to all farmers
Explanation:
The Chinese Communist Party in 1958 introduced a five-year plan of agricultural collectivization and rural industrialization called the Great Leap Forward.
Many changes were made under this plan including labor forced to stable the economic growth, all the properties of people were taken under government, Political stability and a growing labor force led to economic growth, people were forced to do farming otherwise they were punished, and created communes and cooperative farms for rural industrialization.
No private property was given to the farmers rather they were forced to do agriculture and their condition was very bad during the Great Leap Forward.
Hence, the correct answer is "C".
Answer:
Successes: Reconstruction encompassed three major initiatives: restoration of the Union, transformation of southern society, and enactment of progressive legislation favoring the rights of freed slaves.
Failures: The failure to stop violence and protect the political gains of Reconstruction was a policy failure: the U.S. government failed to coordinate and plan to suppress a nascent insurgency; failed to deploy enough troops or use the troops with consistency; failed to consider other options to secure the rights of Black
Explanation:
Hope this helps, have a good day! A Brainliest would be appreciated! : )
I think the Bill of Rights xD
The United Nations was formed after World War II in order to mediate disputes among nations around the world.
The United Nations still exists today and has over 100 members. This organization has been extremely important in tackling issues all over the world. This includes the genocides in Bosnia, Rwanda, and Europe in general during World War II. The UN has also proved a forum where countries can speak about international issues, like nuclear weapons and political conflicts between different nations.
