Isolationism was considered a goal by our first president, George Washington. This is considered to be so because the nation wanted to keep its freedom. Because it was told by Washington, That is probably why it was so popular.
John Locke discussed natural rights which are our government's emphasis on individual rights. His writing discussing this topic is titled, "Common Sense," as he believed these natural rights (unalienable rights) are rights that cannot be taken away by the government. To Locke, these rights were common sense. Hope this helps! :)
The Missouri compromise of 1850 helped balance the number of Free states and Slave states helping it avoid a war however it did not solve the issue of slavery keeping the nation divided.