As such, the mafia is a counterculture.
Take into consideration the counterculture of the 60s - the hippie culture who opposed wars and fought the government in a peaceful way. They wanted to change the society for the better by opposing those in power. Mafia, on the other hand, opposes the entire society, but is still an example of counterculture.
The correct answer is the last option.
To credit a source means to ACKNOWLEDGE WHERE YOU FOUND A SOURCE. In order to avoid plagiarism, the writer has to cite the sources where he found information, being the most common citation formats APA or MLA. The citation style to use will depend on the topic to discuss in the paper.
he couldn't risk to retire from work